北交所、新三板2022年市场自律监管报告
2022年,北(bei)交所、全国股(gu)转公司积极(ji)践行“建(jian)(jian)制(zhi)度、不干预(yu)、零容(rong)忍”的(de)方针,深入贯彻(che)“四个(ge)敬畏,一个(ge)合力”的(de)理(li)念,把稳增长、防(fang)风险(xian)放到突出位置(zhi),持(chi)续(xu)提高上市挂牌公司质量,积极(ji)推进监管转型,切实防(fang)范(fan)化解(jie)重(zhong)大(da)风险(xian),为(wei)高质量建(jian)(jian)设北(bei)交所、深化新三(san)板改革(ge)保驾护(hu)航。
01
稳基(ji)础(chu),深入探(tan)索监管转(zhuan)型
在北交所(suo)与新三(san)板统筹协调的制度(du)安排(pai)(pai)下,立(li)足一(yi)体化(hua)(hua)市场结构(gou),突出全链条监管优势(shi),持续(xu)提升(sheng)规则体系性和透明度(du),不断强(qiang)化(hua)(hua)特色(se)监管安排(pai)(pai),为进一(yi)步(bu)深化(hua)(hua)改革夯实基础。
完善规则体系,彰显“规范监管”理念。践行透明监(jian)管(guan),公(gong)(gong)开(kai)北交所纪律(lv)处分量化指(zhi)标和(he)裁量尺度。严防监(jian)管(guan)套利,发(fa)布(bu)(bu)上市公(gong)(gong)司(si)股(gu)份减(jian)持(chi)监(jian)管(guan)指(zhi)引(yin),进一(yi)步规范(fan)(fan)“关(guan)键(jian)少数”减(jian)持(chi)行为。推进制度精细化,发(fa)布(bu)(bu)4个挂牌公(gong)(gong)司(si)规范(fan)(fan)运作系(xi)列指(zhi)引(yin),涵盖筹备(bei)发(fa)行上市等多个重大事项,提供更为详(xiang)细的规范(fan)(fan)依(yi)据。全(quan)年(nian)北交所共发(fa)布(bu)(bu)5件(jian)(jian)业务细则、4件(jian)(jian)指(zhi)引(yin)和(he)8件(jian)(jian)指(zhi)南,新(xin)三板共发(fa)布(bu)(bu)1件(jian)(jian)基本(ben)业务规则、5件(jian)(jian)指(zhi)引(yin)和(he)2件(jian)(jian)指(zhi)南,“好用(yong)管(guan)用(yong)”的自(zi)律(lv)监(jian)管(guan)规则体系(xi)日臻完善。
强化特色安排,优化“层层递进”格局。优化(hua)分层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)管理制度,企(qi)业筹备(bei)(bei)进层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)工作更(geng)加(jia)便(bian)利,创新层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作为(wei)北(bei)交所上市(shi)“后备(bei)(bei)军”、规范培育“训练(lian)营”和市(shi)场生态“稳(wen)定(ding)器”的(de)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)级(ji)(ji)定(ding)位得到加(jia)强(qiang)。改进分层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)工作流程,专人跟(gen)进企(qi)业进展,及时提示遗漏事项,严格审查申报材料,把好(hao)层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)级(ji)(ji)入(ru)口关。克服疫(yi)情等不(bu)利影响,稳(wen)妥完(wan)成(cheng)全(quan)年4次层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)级(ji)(ji)调整工作,选(xuan)入(ru)了一批(pi)盈(ying)利好(hao)、成(cheng)长快、创新强(qiang)的(de)企(qi)业,创新层(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)公司(si)数量(liang)首(shou)次超过(guo)1700家,为(wei)北(bei)交所高质量(liang)扩容(rong)工作储备(bei)(bei)坚实企(qi)业基础。
创新监管机制,发挥“一体发展”优势。逐步构建各监(jian)管(guan)(guan)条线统(tong)(tong)筹协同的联动式监(jian)管(guan)(guan)机制,建立挂(gua)牌(pai)以来全(quan)链(lian)条监(jian)管(guan)(guan)档案,深化监(jian)管(guan)(guan)信息共享,实(shi)现(xian)挂(gua)牌(pai)审查、持(chi)续监(jian)管(guan)(guan)与公(gong)(gong)开(kai)发行的有效衔接。开(kai)展发行审核、持(chi)续监(jian)管(guan)(guan)双(shuang)向互(hu)动,重点(dian)问题及时(shi)会商,统(tong)(tong)一监(jian)管(guan)(guan)认(ren)识和判(pan)断标准,发挥挂(gua)牌(pai)公(gong)(gong)司监(jian)管(guan)(guan)靠(kao)前(qian)把关(guan)作用,提前(qian)排查影(ying)响发行的相关(guan)情况;打通(tong)上市公(gong)(gong)司监(jian)管(guan)(guan)链(lian)条,审核中的重点(dian)问题上市后持(chi)续关(guan)注,实(shi)现(xian)监(jian)管(guan)(guan)无(wu)缝衔接。
02
稳发展,持续提升公司质(zhi)量
落(luo)实新一轮提(ti)(ti)高上(shang)市(shi)公(gong)司(si)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)行(xing)动,研究制定针(zhen)对性(xing)(xing)举措(cuo),强(qiang)化事中事后(hou)监管(guan),提(ti)(ti)升监管(guan)有(you)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)与(yu)针(zhen)对性(xing)(xing),不断改进监管(guan)服务,促进形成工作合(he)力,推动上(shang)市(shi)挂牌公(gong)司(si)质(zhi)量(liang)(liang)持续(xu)提(ti)(ti)高。
兼顾“专”与“常”,有效提升规范水平。专项(xiang)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)扎实(shi)推进,开展(zhan)上市(shi)挂牌(pai)公(gong)司治理专项(xiang)行(xing)动(dong)(dong)、创(chuang)新(xin)层(ceng)(ceng)“强(qiang)基行(xing)动(dong)(dong)”,督(du)促(cu)(cu)上市(shi)公(gong)司、创(chuang)新(xin)层(ceng)(ceng)公(gong)司对自查规(gui)范情(qing)况进行(xing)专项(xiang)披露,对900余家基础层(ceng)(ceng)公(gong)司2000余人集中开展(zhan)合(he)规(gui)培训(xun)考核工(gong)作(zuo),公(gong)司规(gui)范运(yun)作(zuo)水平得(de)到有效提升。常态工(gong)作(zuo)做精做细,持续开展(zhan)“上市(shi)监管第一课”提升合(he)规(gui)意(yi)识,通过签(qian)署(shu)承(cheng)诺等(deng)方式督(du)促(cu)(cu)关键主体履职尽责;强(qiang)化临时(shi)报(bao)(bao)告、定(ding)期(qi)报(bao)(bao)告审查,北交(jiao)所(suo)聚焦业(ye)绩真实(shi)性、经营稳定(ding)性,年报(bao)(bao)监管反馈、公(gong)开问询比例达100%,新(xin)三板紧盯(ding)筹备上市(shi)、交(jiao)投(tou)活跃等(deng)公(gong)司,年报(bao)(bao)公(gong)开问询家次同比增长10.35%。
融合“管”与“服”,支持公司做优做强。推(tui)动(dong)监(jian)管广泛触(chu)达,拓宽挂牌(pai)公(gong)司直接联系范围,增设基础(chu)层“董(dong)秘热(re)邮(you)”、创新层“监(jian)管员(yuan)热(re)线”、上(shang)市公(gong)司“总监(jian)热(re)线”,实现(xian)开门办(ban)监(jian)管。编(bian)写并(bing)发放规(gui)(gui)范运(yun)作服务手册,提(ti)供信息披露、公(gong)司治理(li)(li)(li)、业(ye)(ye)务办(ban)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)解读,使规(gui)(gui)范知识易学、易懂。指(zhi)导上(shang)市挂牌(pai)公(gong)司通过股(gu)(gu)权(quan)激(ji)励、员(yuan)工持(chi)股(gu)(gu)计划稳定(ding)核(he)心团队(dui),推(tui)动(dong)创新链资(zi)金链人(ren)才链深(shen)度(du)融合,北交(jiao)所全年办(ban)理(li)(li)(li)股(gu)(gu)权(quan)激(ji)励、员(yuan)工持(chi)股(gu)(gu)计划21单(dan),新三板全年办(ban)理(li)(li)(li)股(gu)(gu)权(quan)激(ji)励、员(yuan)工持(chi)股(gu)(gu)计划126单(dan)。提(ti)供免费业(ye)(ye)绩说明会支(zhi)持(chi),企业(ye)(ye)核(he)心人(ren)员(yuan)亲(qin)自上(shang)阵,超8成上(shang)市公(gong)司问题回复率达到100%,有效促进企业(ye)(ye)投资(zi)者关系管理(li)(li)(li)水平提(ti)高。
衔接“内”与“外”,促进形成提质合力。深化(hua)自(zi)律(lv)监(jian)(jian)管(guan)与(yu)行(xing)政监(jian)(jian)管(guan)协作,落实(shi)风险通报(bao)及(ji)联合处(chu)置的工作机制,严防跨(kua)市场(chang)及(ji)行(xing)业链式重(zhong)(zhong)大风险;与(yu)30家(jia)证监(jian)(jian)局完成51家(jia)上(shang)市挂牌公(gong)司的年(nian)报(bao)现场(chang)检查(cha)工作,其中65%为北交所(suo)在辅企业,合力护航市场(chang)改革发展。督(du)促市场(chang)“看门人”尽(jin)职尽(jin)责,制订券商(shang)持续督(du)导标准化(hua)问题(ti)清单,充分发挥日(ri)常(chang)督(du)导规范(fan)作用;开展会(hui)计师(shi)事务(wu)所(suo)审(shen)计专题(ti)培训,首次(ci)召开年(nian)报(bao)审(shen)查(cha)暨会(hui)计差错(cuo)更正监(jian)(jian)管(guan)通报(bao)会(hui),精准传达监(jian)(jian)管(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)点,促进审(shen)计质(zhi)量进一步(bu)提高。
03
稳(wen)运行,筑牢防范风险底线
处置(zhi)有力(li)(li),从(cong)严从(cong)快打击违法(fa)违规行(xing)(xing)为;制度(du)助(zhu)力(li)(li),优化风(feng)险防控机(ji)制;科技借力(li)(li),大力(li)(li)提升监管智能化水平,坚决(jue)守牢风(feng)险底线,保障(zhang)市场运行(xing)(xing)合规有序。
有力处置违法违规,营造监管严氛围。加强“首恶”惩治力(li)度,对于占(zhan)用上(shang)市公(gong)(gong)司(si)资(zi)金的实(shi)际(ji)控制(zhi)人,给予(yu)公(gong)(gong)开谴责(ze)的纪律(lv)处分,有效形(xing)成监管(guan)(guan)震慑。优化(hua)案件办理程序(xu),明确各环节(jie)办理时限,纪律(lv)处分案件办理时长较去年压降33%。坚决(jue)出清(qing)劣质公(gong)(gong)司(si),大力(li)推动少数强制(zhi)摘牌情形(xing)复杂公(gong)(gong)司(si)处置进展,“久摘不掉”的遗留问题已基本清(qing)理完毕。2022年北交所共采取自律(lv)监管(guan)(guan)措施102件,纪律(lv)处分2件,新三板共采取自律(lv)监管(guan)(guan)措施1600件,纪律(lv)处分438件,累计完成强制(zhi)摘牌277家,切实(shi)维(wei)护了市场秩(zhi)序(xu)。
健全防控长效机制,织密风险防护网。全流程全链条优(you)化风(feng)险(xian)防控机制(zhi),季度分(fen)(fen)析与月度研判相(xiang)结合,努力走(zou)在市场曲线前面。加强上市挂牌(pai)公(gong)(gong)司风(feng)险(xian)分(fen)(fen)类管(guan)理,修(xiu)订《风(feng)险(xian)分(fen)(fen)类管(guan)理工作规程》,细化公(gong)(gong)司分(fen)(fen)类标准,扩展风(feng)险(xian)分(fen)(fen)类在各业务条线应用。强化公(gong)(gong)司监管(guan)与交(jiao)易监察(cha)联动,建立公(gong)(gong)司交(jiao)易异动、风(feng)险(xian)事件(jian)会商机制(zhi),第一时间预警和处(chu)置苗头(tou)性(xing)、倾(qing)向性(xing)问题,切实保障市场稳(wen)定(ding)运行。
强化风险线索识别,构筑科技防火墙。推动(dong)智能监管(guan)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)功(gong)能迭(die)代(dai),升级“利器(qi)系(xi)(xi)统(tong)3.0”,实现(xian)40类临(lin)时报告(gao)智能审查(cha),深度推理能力进一(yi)步提(ti)升。优化交(jiao)易(yi)监察系(xi)(xi)统(tong),实现(xian)市场波动(dong)监测(ce)预警、交(jiao)易(yi)回放(fang)等功(gong)能,异(yi)常交(jiao)易(yi)监管(guan)精准度和有效(xiao)性明显提(ti)升,切(qie)实发挥风(feng)险(xian)(xian)“前(qian)哨”作用。更好利用多(duo)源数据(ju)信息,探(tan)索关(guan)键主体、关(guan)键行为的数据(ju)特(te)征分析,建立企业创新特(te)征、经营质(zhi)量、风(feng)险(xian)(xian)识别模型,提(ti)高风(feng)险(xian)(xian)识别的能力和审查(cha)效(xiao)率,发挥科技监管(guan)的关(guan)键作用。
砥砺深耕(geng),笃行(xing)致(zhi)远(yuan)。北(bei)交所、全国股转(zhuan)公(gong)司(si)将坚守主责主业(ye),积极履行(xing)一(yi)线监(jian)管(guan)职责,持(chi)续(xu)提(ti)升(sheng)监(jian)管(guan)能(neng)力,努力维护证券(quan)市(shi)场“三公(gong)”秩序(xu),护航(hang)市(shi)场发展行(xing)稳致(zhi)远(yuan),为(wei)建设“规范、透明、开放(fang)、有活力、有韧性”的资本市(shi)场贡(gong)献力量(liang)。